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RWANDA
Formal Name: Republic of Rwanda.
Local
Name: Rwanda.
Capital: Kigali.
Area:
26,338 sq km - slightly smaller than Maryland.
National languages: Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular,
French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used
in commercial centers.
Currency: Rwanda Franc. 1 Rwanda
Franc = 100 Centimes.
Population: 8,440,820.
Religions: Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%,
Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7%.
President: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000).
Misc:
In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the
majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king.
Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and
some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children
of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic
Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with
several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions,
culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis
and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and
ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu
refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring
Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and the former Zaire. Since then, most
of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but about 10,000 that remain
in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo have formed
an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF
tried in 1990. Despite substantial international assistance and
political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in
March 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative
elections in August and September 2003, respectively - the country
continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output,
and ethnic reconciliation is complicated by the real and perceived
Tutsi political dominance. Kigali's increasing centralization and
intolerance of dissent, the nagging Hutu extremist insurgency across
the border, and Rwandan involvement in two wars in recent years
in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo continue to
hinder Rwanda's efforts to escape its bloody legacy.
Misc.
Source: www.cia.gov
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